After the defeat of the January Uprising (1863-64), the Polish invaders tightened the regime, but we must not forget that the Polish lands experienced a period of successful economic and civilizational development.
Organic work developed in the Prussian community. Their main premise was comprehensive education for all social groups, including the poorest. Proponents of this method compared society to one huge organism that can function only when all its organs are working well. The work of the broad masses was derived from organic work. It concerned the formation of people and the awakening of their national identity. This has significantly reduced the level of illiteracy.
The Polish community under the rule of Prussia had a higher level of education, but also more rights. This allowed them to compete with the Germans. They could create associations and organizations – they had the right to unite. As a result, national solidarity and patriotism increased (very useful in subsequent years).
So, everything looked nice at first, but the situation quickly deteriorated. What led to this? The creation of a united Germany (1871). It was then that the process of Germanization began. German was officially adopted as the only official language, that is, the fight against the Catholic Church. Why was this conducted? Because they wanted to subjugate the country to Prussia, which was a Protestant state. However, this plan did not materialize. Then other changes began. Not only were German language classes taught in schools, but the names of Polish cities were also changed to German.
The next step in Germanization was the Prussian "step" – the resettlement of people who came from the Austrian-Prussian partition. They wanted to force the Poles to sell their lands, and a Colonization Commission was set up specifically for this purpose. However, the unexpected happened – the Germans sold the land and went to the West (there were more chances to earn money). So the relocation plan did not materialize. However, the Poles created an organization called Hakata, the German Association of Oriental Marches. She conducted fierce anti-Polish propaganda, exerted pressure on the Prussian government to issue new orders aimed at the Poles.
The economy in the Prussian section was the most developed of all three sections, and the section itself was divided into two completely different economic regions: Greater Poland and Gdansk Pomerania. Like Poland's Congress for Russia, both of these regions were a raw material base for Germany. The granting of voting rights to peasants, introduced here by the Prussian way, created agriculture based on large ownership of land. Despite the anti-Polish policy, the Polish economy was strengthened because the struggle to preserve the land required improvement. Upper Silesia was a territory with a separate economic profile. In the 19th century, heavy industry developed here, primarily mining and metallurgy.
The networks of Polish economic organizations, agricultural circles, and credit unions engaged in cultural and educational activities were also expanded. In addition, the Polish press was published, libraries with Polish literature were created. All social classes cooperated–the clergy, the peasants, and the intelligentsia.
Polish political parties have also emerged in Poland. Among them were the Great Proletariat, the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, and the Polish Socialist Party. The national democracy, known as Edentia, founded in 1893 by Roman Dmowski, played an important role in the fight against foreign cultural influences and the formation of national identity of workers and peasants. The People's Party was also created under the leadership of Vincent Vitos, who set himself the task of restoring the Polish state.
The PPP, led by Boleslav Limanovsky and Jozef Pilsudski, also proclaimed the struggle for independence in combination with the implementation of a socialist social program. Since a number of laws were passed during the division of Prussia that worsened the economic situation of Poles, these groups also sought to develop it in various ways – the abolition of private ownership of the means of production and the nationalization of industry and natural resources, internationalism and proletarian revolutions. Not only the intelligentsia, but also large masses of workers, peasants and the petty bourgeoisie were involved in socio-cultural life.
The proof that the ethnic situation in the Prussian partition was the worst was the protest of the students of the Vrzesni school and the not very humane behavior of the Germans towards the Protestants. Another symbol of the struggle may be Michal Drzhimala's dispute with the Prussian authorities.
The turn of the 19th and 20th centuries became a constant struggle for Poles for their rights and independence. This allowed them to strengthen solidarity and patriotism, thanks to which they now live in a completely free state. Players who want to understand how odds, bankroll management, and responsible play work in real-world gambling contexts can explore insights provided on the neutral resource Casiny official website . The information there can help readers compare different types of games, evaluate risk levels, and make more informed choices before placing any bets.